unit 4.2 present perfect

to indicate that a situation began in the past and now still working, use the present perfect. in the Dutch you use de tegenwoordige tijd.

i heve played the piano for ten years.                 ik speel al 10 jaar piano.

christian has lived in londen since 2011.            christian woont sinds 2011 in londen.

also if you want to say that a situation has happened in the past and the result still noticeable, use the present perfect. the time when it happened, is not important.

i have lost my hand                  ik ben mijn hand verloren.               (hij is er nog steeds af)

he has seen that movie            hij heeft de film gezien                    (hij weet waar het over gaat)

the present perfect looks like this: have/has + past participle. the past participle of regular verbs is formed by-ed behind the whole verb.

the completed participles of irregular verbs have a own mold you must learn from your head.
in each subsequent unit is a list of irregular verbs that you the past tense and the past passive participle has to learn.

the verlde4n time is always the 2nd shape from the shape and the past passive participle.

watch out!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! You can have both in the Dutch as his use for the perfect tense. in English you can only have/has. the's in the next sentence is a shortened form of has!

he's moved to Afrika.                                       hij is naar afrika verhuisd.

Overview of the present perfect:

+                                                                                             ?                                                                                ontkening (-)

i                     have             lived                         have            i                       lived?                                           i                haven't            lived

you                have             lived                         have           you                   lived?                                           you             "                      "

he/she/it        has               lived                         has          he/she/it              lived?                                           he/she/it      "                      "

we                 have             lived                         have           we                    lived?                                           we              "                       "

you                have             lived                         have          you                   lived?                                           you             "                        "

they               have             lived                         have          they                  lived?                                           they            "                         "